1. Policeman: Can you show me some identification, please sir?
Jack: Here you are.
Yes. The policeman does not really want to know if Jack can show him some identification, he wants to see the identification. So Jack gives him the identification, using "here you are" - an expression used when giving something.
2. Sally: Do you mind if I smoke?
Mr Bloggs: Yes, of course.
No. "Do you mind .." means "will you be upset..". Mr Bloggs' answer does not show whether he is answering Sally's question ("Will you be angry if I smoke?" - "Yes, I will") or the intention behind Sally's question. (That is: "Can I smoke?" - "Yes, of course")
3. Karen: Excuse me, have you finished with that newspaper?
William: Sure, go ahead.
Yes. Karen is asking the question because she wants to read the William's paper. William uses a more informal register to show he is friendly ("Sure" is sometimes an informal way to say "yes"), and he adds "Go ahead" ("Go on and read it.")
4. Joey: You want to come to the party with me, Mary?
Mary: Oh, yes please, Joey, thank you very much. I would love to come, thanks for asking.
No. Well, probably not. Joey's invitation is very casual (Notice the missing auxiliary "do"). Mary's answer is formal, and says "thank you" in three different ways. Joey will probably understand that Mary is being sarcastic.
5. Charles: Have another biscuit.
Judy: Ta.
Yes. The instruction is really an informal invitation. "Ta" is a very informal way of saying "thank you" when you are given or offered something unimportant.
6. Mr Allmon: Can I open this window?
Mr Blake: No, it's very cold outside.
No. It is not polite to refuse a formal request with a direct negative ("No".), even if you give the reason afterward. Instead, Mr Blake should say something like "Well, actually, it's very cold outside."
7. Mr Williams: That radio's a bit loud, isn't it?
Tony: Oh, sorry. I'll go outside.
Yes. Mr Williams is asking Tony to turn down his radio. Tony apologises for disturbing Mr Wilson, and says he (and his radio) will go away.
8. Mrs Kelson: Play that song again, please.
Mr Kelson: Again? Oh, all right then.
No. The use of "Again?" shows he thinks he has heard enough. "Oh, all right then" is a way of indicating that the speaker will do as asked, but not enthusiastically.
