So you know what a noun is, thank you. You did nouns long ago when you were a beginner. So why go back to nouns again? Nouns are not like verbs. Verbs have tenses and all that stuff - but nouns are easy ... aren’t they?
In fact, you will find that nouns become more complex as your English improves. All the usual categories of English grammar begin to get a little bit blurred!
Look at these examples
Smoking is forbidden.
"Smoking" is the subject, and "is forbidden" is the verb (in the present passive)
Subjects and objects must be nouns, and here "smoking" is the subject. "Smoking" is a gerund and "smoking" is the subject, so the Gerund is a noun. The gerund follows all the normal rules for nouns, but we find it more rarely in the plural. Do you know why? No? H’m .... maybe I can teach you something about nouns! (To find out why gerunds are rarer in the plural, keep reading...., )
but first -
The History department The Tax office Rain clouds Football boots
Got the idea? Let's go on.
Boycott is an English name. There was once a Mr Boycott who was a member of parliament. When England was having one of its many arguements with the Irish, Mr Boycott suggested that the English should not trade with the Irish. So "to boycott" entered the language, meaning "to refuse to trade or do business with".
Other examples that have entered by the same route are "to ace" and "to blackball" .
Just to make your life harder, English people often make up new ones spontaneously. Someone might say "Let's fish and chips tonight".
(But if they say "Let's breakfast at nine", that's perfectly good English, because "breakfast" is a verb which has become a noun.)
Nouns can be Proper Nouns
For example "He likes singing."
"Singing" here does not describe a particular song, but the general concept of making music with your mouth. Because this gerund is a general concept, here it is not plain whether our sentence means that the man likes to sing, or that he likes to listen to other people singing, or that he likes both to sing and listen to people singing. That's one of the joys of English - you can be as precise or as vague as you want!
As was mentioned above, uncountable nouns cannot have plurals. But they can - when you are talking about a particular type of uncountable noun.
Look at beer. (Yes, please!) Beer is uncountable. When you tell the barman "two beers, please" this is just a lazy way of saying "two glasses (or bottles) of beer, please". But really, beer is uncountable - like water. But while we say the English drink a lot of beer (beer being uncountable), the English drink many types of beer. For example in my area, Greene King is a popular beer, and in Yorkshire many people drink Tetley's. Both these beers are English beers and they taste different from German beers.
We can also talk about the joys of being a parent, unless children are one of your hates. However, other types of uncountable/insubstantive nouns do not work like this. So we say "there are many types of courage" and not "there are many courages".
Still think nouns are easy? Ok then - here are some exercises for you! Click the blue triangle.